Science Study Finds US Mine Waste Holds Enough Critical Minerals to Slash Imports
- A new analysis published on August 22, 2025, in Science shows the US mines all critical minerals needed annually but discards most as waste.
- Researchers led by Elizabeth Holley combined production and geochemical data to estimate huge quantities of critical minerals lost in US mining tailings.
- The study found that nearly all minerals, except platinum and palladium, could be recovered to meet demand and reduce reliance on imports.
- Holley said recovering even 1% of lost minerals would substantially cut imports, adding, "We could focus on mines already corporate and add additional circuits."
- The findings suggest that improved recovery policies and technologies could enhance national security and lower mining’s environmental footprint.
18 Articles
18 Articles
US already has the critical minerals it needs—but they're being thrown away, new analysis shows
All the critical minerals the U.S. needs annually for energy, defense and technology applications are already being mined at existing U.S. facilities, according to a new analysis published in the journal Science.


We could get most metals for clean energy without opening new mines
An analysis of active US mines finds they already collect virtually all of the minerals the country needs for batteries, solar panels and wind turbines – but these critical minerals mostly go to waste
US mines are literally throwing away critical minerals
The United States is home to dozens of active mines. Some extract copper, while others dig for iron. Whatever the resource, however, it usually makes up a small fraction of the rock pulled from the ground. The rest is typically ignored. Wasted. “We’re only producing a few commodities,” said Elizabeth Holley, a professor of mining engineering at the Colorado School of Mines. “The question is: What else is in those rocks?” The answer: a lot. In a…
Recovering byproducts from U.S. metal mines could reduce need for critical mineral imports
A new statistical analysis of geochemical datasets by Elizabeth Holley and colleagues suggests that the U.S. could reduce its dependence on critical mineral imports by recovering ore byproducts from its active metal mines. Holley et al. conclude that 90% recovery of these byproducts “could meet nearly all U.S. critical mineral needs; one percent recovery would substantially reduce import reliance for most elements evaluated.&rdqu…
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