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Rich medieval Christians bought graves 'closer to God' despite leprosy stigma, archaeologists find

Analysis of 939 medieval Danish skeletons shows burial placement reflected social status and church proximity, not disease, with urban leprosy cases at 3-9% and rural at 13%, researchers found.

  • On February 12, 2026, a study published in Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology analyzed 939 adult skeletons from Ribe Grey Friars, Sejet, Øm Kloster, Drotten, and St. Mathias, finding diseased individuals buried alongside healthy neighbors.
  • Researchers set out to test whether illness affected access to high-status graves by identifying leprosy and tuberculosis in 939 adult skeletons using skeletal lesion criteria and probabilistic scoring, then mapping burials relative to church structures and cemetery status zones.
  • Site-by-Site analysis showed varied disease burdens: tuberculosis rates ranged from 21.8% to 32% at most sites, with Drotten unusually high at 51.6%, while sample coverage varied from 33% at Øm Kloster to over 89% at Ribe Grey Friars.
  • Wealthy patrons were buried closer to churches regardless of disease status, tuberculosis survivors reflect longer-term survival, and Ribe showed higher TB rates in poorer burial areas.
  • While the study reframes medieval attitudes, the authors warned of limitations including children excluded from analysis and diagnostic limits making prevalence minimum estimates; they urge genomic methods and more excavations under ethical oversight with funding from major foundations.
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Was leprosy a social death sentence during medieval times?

An international team of archaeologists used graveyards in Denmark to investigate social exclusion based on illness.

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Popular Science broke the news in United States on Thursday, February 12, 2026.
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