Recent advances in industrial water reuse: techno-economic insights into selective reuse and brine segregation in the pulp and paper sector

Recent advances in industrial water reuse: techno-economic insights into selective reuse and brine segregation in the pulp and paper sector

"Growing pressure on freshwater resources in the Netherlands has increased the need for industrial water reuse, particularly in the water-intensive pulp and paper sector. Conventional end-of-pipe systems based on ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are reliable but remain sensitive to fouling, scaling and variable intake quality. This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of a more selective and flexible treatment train. A pi…