Only elites used hallucinogens in ancient Andes society

Ancient Andes society used hallucinogens to strengthen social order

Snuff tubes uncovered at Chavin de Huantar in Peru reveal how leaders used mystical experiences to cement their power.

Only elites used hallucinogens in ancient Andes society

Snuff tubes and spoons unearthed at Chavín de Huántar in Peru had traces of vilca and nicotine.

Psychoactive drugs found in mysterious temple may have helped ancient Peruvians cement power

2500-year-old hallucinogenic rituals may have allowed Chavín de Huántar elites to gain prestige and influence

Excavations at the approximately 3000-year-old site Chavín de Huántar in the Peruvian Andes provide evidence of strictly regulated drug use