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One of the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre’s last survivors, Viola Ford Fletcher, dies age 111

Viola Ford Fletcher spent decades demanding reparations and raising awareness of the massacre that destroyed 1,200 homes and displaced nearly 10,000 Black residents, officials said.

  • Today, Viola Ford Fletcher died at 111, a passing announced by Tulsa officials who said the city mourns her loss.
  • On May 31, 1921, a white mob invaded Greenwood after rumors of an assault, destroying 35 city blocks, over 1,200 homes, and killing as many as 300 Black residents.
  • Fletcher spent decades testifying and advocating, appearing at May 28, 2021 centennial events and working into her eighties after wartime welding and housekeeper roles.
  • Her legacy will be carried forward with courage and conviction, as Fletcher said she has lived through the massacre every day, reflecting trauma survivors, descendants and reparations advocates recognize.
  • Legal efforts failed as lawsuits against the city did not succeed and no perpetrators were prosecuted, while property losses totaled between $32.6 and $47.4 million, with some estimates reaching $100 million.
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Stars and Stripes broke the news in Washington, United States on Monday, November 24, 2025.
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