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NASA and Smithsonian Launch Tree-Based Volcano Monitoring System
NASA and its partners are exploring the use of satellite imagery to predict volcanic eruptions by monitoring changes in tree leaf colors near volcanoes.
This approach follows evidence that volcanoes emit carbon dioxide before eruptions, which affects foliage color, but direct satellite detection of volcanic CO2 remains difficult due to atmospheric background levels.
Researchers have observed greener tree leaves near volcanoes like Mount Etna, and remote sensing satellites such as Landsat 8 and ESA’s Sentinel-2 have been used to correlate these changes with volcanic activity.
In December 2017, increased carbon dioxide emissions detected near a volcano in the Philippines led to the timely evacuation of more than 56,000 residents, successfully preventing any loss of life before the eruption occurred in January 2018.
Though monitoring tree changes will not provide a single definitive signal, scientists believe it could enhance early warnings and improve forecasting models, potentially transforming volcanic hazard responses globally.