Under the Vichy government of France, established following the German invasion in 1940, the judiciary was placed under the control of political power. The "principle of immobility" for judges, which had been recognized since the Third Republic, was suspended; judges were required to take an oath of loyalty to the head of state, and special tribunals were established to try political prisoners. The principle of immobility is the rule that judges…
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Under the Vichy government of France, established following the German invasion in 1940, the judiciary was placed under the control of political power. The "principle of immobility" for judges, which had been recognized since the Third Republic, was suspended; judges were required to take an oath of loyalty to the head of state, and special tribunals were established to try political prisoners. The principle of immobility is the rule that judges…