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Irish, Scottish, Welsh Leaders to Sign Self-Determination Pact in Cardiff
On Monday, September 14, 2026, Scottish First Minister John Swinney, Welsh First Minister Rhun ap Iorwerth, and Northern Ireland First Minister Michelle O'Neill met in Cardiff and signed a memorandum of understanding calling on Westminster to prepare, plan and facilitate constitutional change.
Following May 2026 elections, nationalist-led administrations now govern Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland for the first time, marking an unprecedented political shift that prompted this summit among the three leaders.
The memorandum covers economy, energy, international cooperation, and self-determination, with the leaders committing to "strengthening cooperation between our parties and identifying practical areas where working together can make a real difference."
Prime Minister Andy Burnham reiterated that independence referendums remain "off limits," while Northern Ireland's deputy First Minister Emma Little-Pengelly accused O'Neill of attempting to "weaponise the role of First Minister" without executive authorization.
While the leaders share ambitions for EU membership, they face diverging legal paths; Northern Ireland holds a statutory border poll mechanism under the Good Friday Agreement, whereas Scotland and Wales lack equivalent unilateral referenda pathways.
The First Ministers of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland had signed a memorandum of understanding which, inter alia, enshrined the right to self-determination.