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Global demand for rare earths is wreaking havoc on one of Asia’s mightiest river systems

The Stimson Centre identified 2,400+ sites releasing cyanide, mercury, and arsenic into the Mekong basin, threatening health and livelihoods of 70 million people.

  • On Monday, the US-based Stimson Centre released a study finding over 2,400 mining sites in the Mekong river basin discharging toxic chemicals, with millions of people across Southeast Asia facing serious health risks, the report says.
  • Rising rare earth and gold extraction has increased near the Mekong's source, prompting farmers to irrigate with groundwater amid contamination concerns in conflict-affected northern Myanmar along tributaries of the Mekong.
  • Researchers documented pollutants such as cyanide, mercury, arsenic and heavy metals and mapped many alluvial gold mines and heap-leach operations for nickel, copper and manganese.
  • Experts warn intensifying contamination threatens fisheries, agriculture and tourism, urging expanded water-quality testing and stronger governance as the Mekong supports more than 70 million people.
  • On the ground, local residents and farmers reported contaminated water supplies forcing use of alternative sources, and Brian Eyler warned `scores of tributaries of major rivers, like the Mekong, the Salween and the Irrawaddy, are probably highly contaminated`.
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Unregulated mining is releasing toxic chemicals into major rivers in Southeast Asia, including the Mekong, affecting millions of people, a US research team says.

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A new study warns that more than 2,400 mines along Southeast Asia is major drivers are releasing toxic chemicals – posing risks to millions of people in the region and to global consumers. Many of the mining operations are backed by China.

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Firstpost News broke the news in Mumbai, India on Monday, November 24, 2025.
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