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As Europe Warms, Italy Sees West Nile Virus Spread Farther and Longer
Health officials say climate-linked warmth is lengthening mosquito season and helping the virus spread, with Italy accounting for about half of Europe’s cases.
Italian health authorities reported more than 650 West Nile virus infections this year, accounting for roughly half of all European cases. Rising temperatures are helping mosquitoes spread the virus across a wider area.
Higher temperatures linked to climate change help mosquitoes reproduce and extend transmission seasons, researcher Antonino Bella of Italy's National Institute of Health, or ISS, said. Warm weather allows vectors to survive longer, increasing viral replication periods.
Aedes albopictus is now established in 337 regions across 13 countries, the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control, or ECDC, reports. This marks a significant increase from 114 regions affected a decade ago.
Following Italy's experience, The Netherlands reported more than two dozen West Nile cases this year, its first since 2020. European countries farther north are now studying Italy's surveillance system as the virus expands.
"There are definitely trends which we think are contributing to increased activity," said Marc-Alain Widdowson, who leads the World Health Organization's Europe office. Beyond warming climates, experts cite biodiversity loss and land use changes as drivers.
Experts point out that warmer temperatures in Europe are favorable for mosquito transmission, causing West Nile virus to spread further. Italy has already reported over 650 cases, while several other European countries are seeing an increase in infections.