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Long-term survival rates of some acute myeloid leukemia patients could double with sensitive bone marrow test

  • A clinical trial led by King’s College London from 2012 to 2018 in the UK demonstrated that a specialized molecular assay detecting minimal residual disease in bone marrow can potentially double survival rates for certain younger adults with acute myeloid leukemia.
  • The test detects minimal residual disease earlier than routine methods, identifying relapse up to three months before symptoms, which allows timely treatment adjustments.
  • The trial monitored 637 patients in remission, chiefly with NPM1 and FLT3 gene mutations, and showed that early molecular detection prevents emergency relapse interventions and maintains patient health.
  • Professor Nigel Russell said about one third of patients doubled their survival, calling the result a 'massive improvement,' while Jane Leahy credited the trial with saving her life by enabling alternative treatment.
  • The test is being integrated into NHS care across the UK, signaling a shift toward molecular surveillance as a standard in AML treatment and offering hope to improve outcomes for aggressive blood cancers.
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Medical Xpress broke the news in on Monday, April 28, 2025.
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