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Australian State Signs Country's First Treaty with Indigenous People Into Law

Victoria’s treaty establishes a permanent First Peoples’ body and formal apology, aiming to improve health, housing, and education outcomes for Aboriginal Victorians, officials said.

  • On Thursday, the state of Victoria signed into law Australia's first treaty with Aboriginal peoples in Melbourne, with ceremonies at Birrarung Wilam and Government House.
  • Longstanding gaps in outcomes for Indigenous people have persisted after the 2023 referendum was rejected by 60 and 54 per cent in Victoria, respectively.
  • On the signing table, officials displayed message sticks and a kangaroo pelt, alongside four signed treaty copies held by the state, Assembly, Treaty Authority and public display.
  • The law creates Gellung Warl, which will advise parliament and the Victorian state government and provide ongoing truth-telling and healing, hailed by the First Peoples' Assembly of Victoria for increasing Indigenous oversight.
  • On December 12 the treaty will take legal effect with a cultural assent at Federation Square, after Labor, Greens, Animal Justice and Legalise Cannabis MPs supported it while the Liberal Party opposed.
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The Prime Minister of Victoria has signed a formal agreement with indigenous peoples.

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The West Australian broke the news in Australia on Thursday, November 13, 2025.
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