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A Red Dot, a 43,000 Year Old Fingerprint, and a Stone Out of Place—Potential Evidence of Neanderthal Pareidolia

  • Archaeologists from Complutense University of Madrid discovered a 43,000-year-old fingerprint on an ochre-marked pebble at San Lázaro rock shelter, Spain, in 2022.
  • Researchers investigated the granite pebble found in an undisturbed Mousterian layer, aiming to determine if the red ochre dot was intentionally placed to form a symbolic face.
  • The pebble, composed of quartz-rich granite transported from 5 km away, bears a clear human fingerprint embedded in iron oxide pigment, with no tool marks or wear indicating utilitarian use.
  • Monte Carlo simulations showed only a 0.31% chance that the red ochre's position relative to natural indentations occurred by chance, and researchers said this object shows Neanderthals’ capacity for abstraction.
  • A recent study reveals that Neanderthals produced symbolic art, calling into question the long-held belief that such creative expression was unique to modern humans.
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Eldiario.es broke the news in Spain on Monday, May 26, 2025.
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