On May 22, 1856, Preston Brooks strode into the United States Senate chamber and beat Sen. Charles Sumner unconscious with a cane. Brooks, a South Carolina congressman, was retaliating for a speech Sumner had given condemning slavery and personally insulting a relative of Brooks. It sparked a nationwide debate over free speech, political violence and the relationship between the two, and played a role in the run-up to the Civil War.
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