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U.S. and Saudi Arabia sign deal to allow civil nuclear program on Saudi soil
The pact lets Saudi Arabia build reactors with U.S. technology and now faces up to 90 session days of congressional review.
U.S. Energy Secretary Chris Wright and Saudi Energy Minister Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman signed a landmark peaceful nuclear cooperation agreement, known as a 123 Agreement, alongside a bilateral safeguards agreement.
The 30-year, multibillion-dollar deal creates a framework for American companies, including Westinghouse Electric, to build civilian reactors and develop Saudi Arabia's nuclear energy infrastructure.
The pact opens the door for potential uranium enrichment on Saudi soil following a joint feasibility study, provided operations are managed under U.S. oversight and contracted controls.
Non-Proliferation experts and critics voiced concern that the agreement omits traditional "gold standard" guardrails, such as explicit bans on domestic enrichment or mandatory adoption of the IAEA’s Additional Protocol.
The agreement now goes to the U.S. Congress for a 90-day review period under the Atomic Energy Act, where lawmakers can examine the terms or introduce a joint resolution of disapproval.
The United States and Saudi Arabia have signed a historic nuclear cooperation agreement that will allow the kingdom to develop a civilian nuclear program for the first time, a deal the two countries have been negotiating for nearly two decades and that critics say could increase the long-term risk of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East.