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Archaeologists May Have Uncovered a Bronze Age Metropolis in Kazakhstan’s Steppe

Semiyarka, spanning 140 hectares, was a major Bronze Age urban center for large-scale tin bronze production and trade, reshaping views on steppe community settlements.

  • On November 17, archaeologists revealed Semiyarka, a 3,500-year-old Bronze Age settlement spanning 140 hectares above the Irtysh River in north-east Kazakhstan.
  • Around 1600 BC, Semiyarka emerged as semi-nomadic communities of the Kazakh Steppe began settling permanently near Altai Mountains' copper and tin, suggesting a regional trade and power centre.
  • Excavations and surveys revealed crucibles, slag, and tin bronze artefacts indicating complex production and two rows of rectangular earthen mounds believed to be multi-room house foundations.
  • The team says the discovery challenges assumptions by showing mobile steppe communities could build permanent settlements, and researchers plan follow-up investigations into production, trade and environment.
  • The site may have been a node in Bronze Age metal networks, as its control of the Irtysh River valley and Altai Mountains resources suggests, researchers say.
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Newsweek broke the news in United States on Tuesday, November 18, 2025.
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