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Scientists Invent a Digestible, Paper-Based Battery That Can Power Swallowed or Implanted Medical Devices

The prototype powered an ingestible tag and a stomach-stimulating capsule, and one battery worked for at least three days in pig trials.

  • MIT researchers reported Monday in Nature Chemical Engineering that they successfully tested a biodegradable paper battery in pigs, powering ingestible medical devices that dissolve safely in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Conventional batteries pose risks like toxic leakage or chemical burns if they fail inside the body. MIT mechanical engineer Giovanni Traverso developed a non-toxic alternative using magnesium, molybdenum, and cellulose materials designed to be absorbed safely.
  • Testing in pigs, the battery powered a wireless RFID tag and stomach-stimulating capsule for up to three days. Twenty minutes of gastric stimulation increased hunger-related hormone ghrelin by about 36% without visible tissue damage.
  • Materials scientist John Rogers at Northwestern University noted the safety advantage: "Making every part of the device bioresorbable could eliminate the risk of a leftover component becoming lodged in the gastrointestinal tract." Current prototypes still include non-bioresorbable circuit boards.
  • Traverso identified the "biggest remaining challenge" as controlling the battery's working lifetime and making its breakdown predictable. The team is standardizing manufacturing and adjusting wax coatings so batteries function for specific periods, with clinical trials expected in about two years.
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Nature broke the news in London, United Kingdom on Monday, September 21, 2026.
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