Researchers using the James Webb Space Telescope identified nearly 200 spectral lines and found evidence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons forming in an oxygen-rich planetary nebula.
On Aug. 27, 2025, James Webb Space Telescope images zoomed into the Butterfly Nebula's center and dusty torus, pinpointing its central star heating a dust cloud visible to MIRI.
Using James Webb Space Telescope, Dr Mikako Matsuura said, 'For years, scientists have debated how cosmic dust forms in space', to clarify dust formation in stellar remnants.
Detailed maps revealed nearly 200 spectral lines, crystalline silicates, and dust grains of one millionth of a meter, as MIRI spectroscopy found in the Butterfly Nebula.
Mikako Matsuura's team suggested dying stars release mineral and organic compounds that may seed rocky planets and prebiotic chemistry.
Webb, a NASA/ESA/CSA mission, captured observations in September 2023 using four spectroscopic channels, revealing planetary nebulae last about 20,000 years and guiding future planet-seeding chemistry studies.