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Indonesia doubles down on coal to power its aluminum expansion
Chinese companies are backing most planned projects as Indonesia targets 14.5 million metric tons of aluminum output by 2030, analysts said.
Indonesia plans to scale aluminum production from 1 million to 14.5 million metric tons by 2030, powering new smelters with 32 captive off-grid coal plants to capitalize on global supply shortages.
The Iran war cut Middle East aluminum output by 44%, driving prices to a $3,780 peak in June and prompting resource-rich Indonesia to accelerate its industrial expansion.
Chinese companies have invested between $5.5 billion and $6 billion in Indonesian projects, with capital inflows projected to surge to $30 billion by 2030 as China seeks to reduce domestic emissions.
The Indonesian Forum for Environment warns that captive coal expansion will exacerbate toxic haze in cities like Jakarta, while Indonesia classifies aluminum as 'transition minerals' despite coal reliance.
Binbin Mariana of the environmental advocacy group Market Forces labeled the coal-powered production a 'huge loophole' in climate commitments, while CREA estimates bauxite reserves could be depleted in less than 12 years.
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