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How trading wild turkeys for other animals became a conservation success story

Wild turkey restoration through inter-state and provincial trades helped rebuild populations from near extinction to 7 million, benefiting multiple wildlife species, officials said.

  • The National Wild Turkey Federation reports wild turkey numbers recovered to about 7 million across 49 U.S. states, Canada and Mexico, with trades for management key to this success.
  • Forest clearing and unregulated hunting drove wild turkeys to near-extirpation in the mid-1800s, and pen-raising efforts in the 1940s and 1950s failed, prompting managers to capture and relocate wild birds.
  • Provincial and state exchanges included Ontario receiving 274 turkeys in trades and West Virginia sending turkeys to seed flocks, while New Hampshire grew to roughly 40,000 through repeated relocations.
  • Conservation groups add that the recovery, exceeding expectations, helps ensure native species persistence and highlights turkeys' ecological and societal benefits.
  • Despite early setbacks, wildlife biologists relied on creative, iterative methods as New Hampshire managers adapted to changing winter severity and landscape, improving flock survival.
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Wild turkey exchanges between states and provinces were key to recovering the species in North America, from almost disappearing in the 19th century to more than seven million specimens. A creative conservation strategy that also promoted the restoration of other species.

Center

By HOLLY RAMER CONCORD, N.H. (AP) — Nobody wants a weasel on their Thanksgiving table, but trading turkeys for other animals used to be surprisingly common. Turkey swaps, for wildlife management rather than dinner, were a key part of one of North America's greatest conservation success stories. After dwindling to just a few thousand in the late 1880s, the wild turkey population has grown to roughly 7 million across 49 U.S. states, plus those liv…

·United States
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By HOLLY RAMER CONCORD, N.H. (AP) — Nobody wants a weasel on their Thanksgiving table, but trading turkeys for other animals used to be surprisingly common. Turkey swaps, for wildlife management rather than dinner, were a key part of one of North America's greatest conservation success stories. After dwindling to just a few thousand in the late 1880s, the wild turkey population has grown to roughly 7 million across 49 U.S. states, plus those liv…

·Boston, United States
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Winnipeg Free Press broke the news in Winnipeg, Canada on Thursday, November 27, 2025.
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