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China tightens rare earth export curbs, taking aim at military and chip applications

China requires foreign companies to obtain approval for rare earth exports and bans military-linked licenses, controlling 70% of global mining and 90% of processing capacity.

  • China's Ministry of Commerce on Thursday issued announcement number 61 of 2025, adding five metals to controls alongside seven rare-earth elements restricted in April.
  • The ministry said overseas organisations and individuals transferred Chinese-origin rare earths for military or sensitive uses, threatening China's national security and prompting tighter controls.
  • Foreign manufacturers and exporters must apply for licences before exporting products containing at least 0.1 percent heavy rare-earth metals, including recycling and specialist refining equipment; overseas defence users will be denied licences, the ministry said.
  • Supply chains faced significant disruption this year, halting production as automotive and electronics manufacturers and the U.S. defence industry struggle with dwindling rare-earth supplies.
  • Most restrictions begin on December 1, 2025, as China extends control abroad with its foreign direct product rule analogue, while the European Union and the United States boost domestic production and recycling.
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U.S. News broke the news in New York, United States on Wednesday, October 8, 2025.
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