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The Universe’s Biggest Black Holes May Be Forged in Violent Mergers
Analysis of 153 black hole mergers suggests the heaviest ones grow through repeated mergers in globular clusters, researchers said.
On Thursday, Cardiff University researchers published a study in Nature Astronomy revealing that the universe's most massive black holes likely form through repeated collisions in dense star clusters rather than direct stellar collapse.
Evidence supports the long-theorized 'mass gap,' which suggests stars above 45 solar masses explode completely instead of collapsing into black holes, implying heavier black holes must originate from hierarchical mergers.
Analyzing 153 detections from the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalog, scientists identified two distinct populations; higher-mass black holes exhibit rapid, random spins consistent with repeated mergers in dense stellar environments.
Lead author Dr. Fabio Antonini stated, 'Gravitational-wave astronomy is now doing more than counting black hole mergers,' signaling how the field now reveals insights into massive star growth and evolution.
Researchers believe these discoveries could eventually help investigate nuclear processes deep inside massive stars, as the pair-instability mass limit depends on specific reactions occurring within stellar cores.