PLOS Medicine researchers found no link between overall ultra-processed food intake and colorectal cancer. They observed processed meat increased risk, some ultra-processed whole-grain and dairy items correlated with lower risk, and replacing ultra-processed foods with minimally processed options tied to reduced risk; authors noted cohort and measurement limits.

MedicalXpress says the findings suggest UPFs should not be treated as a single risk category, and that current guidance still points toward whole grains, fiber, dairy and calcium while limiting processed meat. Loftfield told MedicalXpress the pattern in older U.S. adults was consistent with colorectal cancer prevention advice.