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Stanford Study’s New Data About Sports Concussions
Stanford Medicine researchers found 100 g head impacts carry a 50% concussion risk and said rotational force did not improve predictions.
On Monday, November 9, 2026, Stanford Medicine researchers published a study in the Annals of Biomedical Engineering finding that linear head acceleration predicts concussions more accurately than rotational motion.
This research challenges an 85-year-old theory from physicist A.H.S. Holbourn, who previously identified rotational motion as the primary driver of brain injuries. Data came from motion-sensing mouthguards worn by 203 athletes across seven sports.
Analyzing 47 concussive impacts and 3,804 non-concussive events, the team determined that a 100g impact carries a 50% risk of concussion. A collision of 150g carries a risk of more than 99%.
"The threshold is lower than people had previously thought," said lead author Jessica Towns. Current safety guidelines for football helmets and cycling gear may be underestimating injury risks.
Senior author David Camarillo cited an "urgent need to get more of this data on kids," noting that linear acceleration might be a distinct, common injury mechanism. Future helmet design could be refined based on these findings.