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Release the Kraken: 60-Foot Octopuses Predators 100 Million Years Ago, Fossils Shows

  • A new Science paper identifies two extinct finned octopus species, Nanaimoteuthis jeletzkyi and Nanaimoteuthis haggarti, that lived between 100 million and 72 million years ago as apex predators in Cretaceous oceans.
  • Hokkaido University researchers identified 12 of 27 total octopus jaw fossils using 'digital fossil mining,' a technique applying high-resolution grinding tomography and artificial intelligence to visualize fossils hidden within sedimentary rock samples.
  • One species, N. haggarti, may have reached 62 feet, rivaling mosasaurs in size; heavy jaw wear amounting to about 10 percent of total jaw length indicates these colossal predators crushed hard shells and bones.
  • These findings revise the view of the Cretaceous ocean as dominated only by large vertebrate predators. Professor Yasuhiro Iba of Hokkaido University said, "They show that giant invertebrates—octopuses—also occupied the top of the food web."
  • Asymmetric wear patterns on jaw fossils suggest the octopuses displayed brain lateralization, a trait linked to advanced intelligence, though some scientists say this claim requires more evidence.
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The Cretaceous oceans may have been populated by octopus 7 to 19 metres long. This is suggested by a Japanese scientific study, which studied the jaws of these distant ancestors of the octopus. These predators then occupied the top of the underwater food chain. - Predators 19 metres long: when the ancestors of the octopus reigned over the oceans (Sciences).

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Times of India broke the news in India on Monday, April 27, 2026.
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