Why PD-PS Keep Cooperating — The Same Old Theater for Albania’s Elite Interests

Why PD-PS Keep Cooperating — The Same Old Theater for Albania’s Elite Interests

The Old Rivalry — A New Alliance Behind Closed Doors Since the fall of communism in 1990, Partia Demokratike (PD) and Partia Socialiste (PS) have dominated Albanian politics. Officially opponents, these two parties have nonetheless maintained a de facto duopoly over power — alternating governance, sharing influence, and jointly shaping the trajectory of the state. Over the years this “alternating rule” has often been criticized as a mechanism th…