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CAR-T cell therapy for cancer causes 'brain fog,' study shows

  • A 2025 study led by Michelle Monje at Stanford Medicine revealed that treatment with CAR-T cells may lead to subtle cognitive difficulties, commonly referred to as "brain fog," in cancer patients.
  • This discovery follows reports from Swedish and other research showing CAR-T's improved survival in blood cancers but emerging concerns over cognitive side effects independent of other treatments.
  • Researchers identified microglia-driven inflammation damaging oligodendrocytes and myelin, which support cognitive function, as a mechanism linking CAR-T therapy to brain fog.
  • In mice, Monje's team reversed impairment using compounds targeting microglia or chemokine signals, highlighting a potential soon-available treatment to improve patients' quality of life.
  • This newly recognized immunotherapy-related cognitive syndrome implies a need for further research to develop therapies addressing long-term effects while acknowledging CAR-T's life-saving impact.
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cancernetwork.com broke the news in on Monday, May 12, 2025.
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